Mogok (city at 1170 m a.s.l.) - and other villages nearby - has been famous for its gemstones since ancient times. The gems (ruby, sapphire, spinel, and many others) are found in alluvial marble gravels which derive from weathering of the metamorphosed limestones (marbles) of the Mogok metamorphic belt. In underground mines, ruby and sapphire are also extracted mechanically from their marble host rock.Apart from gem-bearing gravel deposits, the Mogok area is also famous for pegmatites containing topaz, tourmaline, and rare boron minerals.
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